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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="#F4F5F3" lang=ZH-TW link="#9685BA" vlink="#A4ADAC" style='tab-interval:24.0pt;margin-left:.1pt' alink="#ff0000"> <div class=Section1> <div style='margin-top:15.0pt;margin-bottom:22.5pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US><script language="JavaScript"> <!-- hide script from old browsers http://www.groan-zone.net/jscript/mouseover.html //detect browser: browserName = navigator.appName; browserVer = parseInt(navigator.appVersion); if (browserName == "Netscape" && browserVer >= 3) browserVer = "1"; else if (browserName == "Microsoft Internet Explorer" && browserVer == 4) browserVer = "1"; else browserVer = "2"; //preload images: if (browserVer == 1) { art_img = new Image(800,338); art_img.src = "./paper_docs/artist_images.gif"; art_img_a = new Image(800,338); art_img_a.src = "./paper_docs/artist_images_ans.gif"; rst_img1 = new Image(800,598); rst_img1.src = "./paper_docs/rst1.jpg"; rst_img1_a = new Image(800,598); rst_img1_a.src = "./paper_docs/rst1_a.jpg"; rst_img2 = new Image(800,475); rst_img2.src = "./paper_docs/rst2.jpg"; rst_img2_a = new Image(800,475); rst_img2_a.src = "./paper_docs/rst2_a.jpg"; rst_img3 = new Image(800,575); rst_img3.src = "./paper_docs/rst3.jpg"; rst_img3_a = new Image(800,575); rst_img3_a.src = "./paper_docs/rst3_a.jpg"; } //image swapping function: function hiLite(imgDocID, imgObjName, comment) { if (browserVer == 1) { document.images[imgDocID].src = eval(imgObjName + ".src"); window.status = comment; return true; }} //end hiding --> </script></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"; color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><img width=800 height=335 id="_x0000_i1034" src="paper_docs/teaser.gif"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"; color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style='margin-bottom:1.5pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#3D373C; text-transform:uppercase'>Camouflage Images [<a href="http://graphics.csie.ncku.edu.tw/CI/paper_docs/051-chu.pdf"><span style='mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>full size paper</span></a>][<a href="http://graphics.csie.ncku.edu.tw/CI/paper_docs/051-chu_small.pdf"><span style='mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>small size paper</span></a>]<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>Hung-Kuo Chu, Wei-Hsin Hsu, Niloy J. Mitra, Daniel Cohen-Or, Tien-Tsin Wong, Tong-Yee Lee <br> <a href="http://www.siggraph.org/s2010/" title="SIGGRAPH, &#13;&#10;Los Angeles, USA">ACM SIGGRAPH 2010</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=heading><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Abstract: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=myjustify><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"; color:#454743'>Camouflage images contain one or more hidden figures that remain imperceptible or unnoticed for a while. The ability to delay the perception of the hidden figures is attributed to the theory that human perception works in two main phases: feature search and conjunction search. Effective camouflage images make feature based recognition difficult, and thus force the recognition process to employ conjunction search, which takes considerable effort and time. In this paper, we present a technique for creating camouflage images. To fool the feature search, we remove the original subtle texture details of the hidden figures and replace them by that of the surrounding background. To leave an appropriate degree of clues for the conjunction search, we compute and assign new tones to regions in the embedded figures by performing an optimization between two conflicting terms, namely immersion and standout, corresponding to hiding and leaving clues, respectively. We show a large number of camouflage images generated by our technique, with or without user guidance. We have tested the quality of the images in an extensive user study, showing a good control of the difficulty levels. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=heading><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Results: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:600pt; height:251.25pt;visibility:visible'> <v:imagedata src="paper_docs/teaser.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=800 height=335 src="paper_docs/teaser.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033"><![endif]></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Top) Two camouflage images produced by our technique. The left and right images have seven and four camouflaged objects, respectively, at various levels of difficulty. By removing distinguishable elements from the camouflaged objects we make feature search difficult, forcing the viewers to use conjunction search, a serial and delayed procedure. (Please zoom in for a better effect.) <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <!-- <td><img src="./paper_docs/artist_images.gif" width="490px" alt="" border="0" align=""></td> --> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof: yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:367.5pt;height:253.5pt;visibility:visible'> <v:imagedata src="paper_docs/artist_images.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=490 height=338 src="paper_docs/artist_images.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Left) Artist created camouflage images: (left) 8 eagles, and (right) 13 wolves are embedded (Copyright of Steven Gardner) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><em><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: °e0}fÔš;color:#454743'>Mouse over the image to see embedded objects.</span></em><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Below) Results of camouflaging a lion onto a mountain backdrop using various methods: (left to right) alpha blending, Poisson cloning, texture transfer, Poisson cloning followed by texture transfer, and our method. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=800 height=156 id="_x0000_i1031" src="paper_docs/naive_comparison.gif"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'> <td width=800 style='width:600.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Below) Three camouflage images created by our algorithm. (Mouse over the image to see embedded objects.) <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family: "Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=800 height=598 id="_x0000_i1030" src="paper_docs/rst1.jpg"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family: "Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=800 height=475 id="_x0000_i1029" src="paper_docs/rst2.jpg"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family: "Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=800 height=575 id="_x0000_i1028" src="paper_docs/rst3.jpg"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:11'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td rowspan=4 style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof: yes'><img border=0 width=400 height=557 id="_x0000_i1027" src="paper_docs/artist_comparison.gif"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td rowspan=5 style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743;mso-no-proof: yes'><img border=0 width=400 height=186 id="_x0000_i1026" src="paper_docs/statistics.gif"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family: "Georgia","serif";color:#454743'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Top) Recognition time and success rates on three difficulty levels of generated camouflage images as observed in course of our user study (see Section 6).<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#454743'>(Top) Comparison of synthesized results (right) with artist generated ones (left).<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:12;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <p class=heading><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Georgia","serif"'>Bibtex: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>@article{camouflageImage_sig_10,<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>AUTHOR = &quot;Hung-Kuo Chu and Wei-Hsin Hsu and Niloy J. Mitra and Daniel Cohen-Or and Tien-Tsin Wong and Tong-Yee Lee&quot;,<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>TITLE = &quot;Camouflage Images&quot;,<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>JOURNAL = &quot;ACM Transactions on Graphics&quot;,<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>VOLUME = &quot;29&quot;, <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>NUMBER = &quot;3&quot;,<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>YEAR = &quot;2010&quot;<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span lang=EN-US style='color:#454743'>}<o:p></o:p></span></pre></div> <div> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=800 style='width:600.0pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><object width="640" height="505"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/s_jIR7s6dpk&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/s_jIR7s6dpk&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="505"></embed></object></td> </tr> </table> </div> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width=801 style='width:600.75pt; mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td> </tr> </table> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </div> </body> </html>